In Saint Lucia, during the 51st meeting of CARICOM heads of government, Dr. Hyginus “Gene ” Leon, executive director of DBRP/The Nature Bank, presented an ambitious idea during a side event on reparations: using restorative justice to rethink Caribbean development. Here, the term does not refer solely to financial compensation. It aims to acknowledge the consequences of slavery and colonization, to redress the harm caused, and to transform the mechanisms that continue to perpetuate them.
Four Measures of Development
Development is often measured in terms of growth, investment, and infrastructure. This perspective is incomplete. An economy can build roads, ports, or hotels while at the same time undermining its natural resources, its population, or its institutions. This discussion is based on four forms of wealth. Productive capital includes infrastructure, businesses, and financial resources. Natural capital encompasses soil, forests, water, reefs, and the climate. Human capital encompasses health, education, skills, and dignity. Finally, societal capital relates to institutions, social cohesion, and trust.
Progress requires that these four forms of wealth advance together. When one form of capital develops at the expense of the others, growth becomes fragile. A region can achieve strong economic performance while simultaneously depleting the very foundations that make that prosperity possible.
A Five-Century-Old Economic Error
Restorative justice takes on a broader dimension here. It stems from a historical observation: for centuries, the economic system has assigned a price to produced goods while reducing people and nature to mere resources. The British Emancipation Act of 1833 illustrates this logic. More than 800,000 enslaved people were freed. Yet the 20 million pounds allocated compensated the slaveowners, while the freed people received no compensation. The financial value of property was recognized; the value of human life remained absent from the balance sheet.
This extractive model has not entirely disappeared. Cocoa produced in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire fuels a global industry, while producers and the regions of origin retain only a small share of the value created. Incomes remain low, forests are shrinking, and the bulk of the profits are concentrated elsewhere.
Reparations, Climate, and Inequality: A Common Root
Reparations for slavery, climate-related losses and damages, and the fight against inequality are often addressed separately. Yet these issues stem from the same mistake: counting only part of the actual wealth. In the Caribbean, this contradiction is evident. A mangrove forest may be destroyed to make a project profitable in the short term. Its ability to protect coastlines, limit storm damage, or support fisheries is not always factored into the initial calculations. When disaster strikes, the region must finance reconstruction, often through debt. The value of nature is ignored at the outset, and then its absence becomes a collective burden.
Restorative justice thus links memory, the economy, and the environment. It raises a concrete question: How can we redress a historical injustice without reproducing the same imbalances in current decisions?
Rescue, Rebuild, and Transform
Restorative justice is structured around three stages: relief, reconstruction, and repositioning. The first addresses immediate emergencies. The second restores what has been lost. The third transforms the rules so that the harm is not repeated. This final stage is crucial. Rebuilding a house on the same fault line is tantamount to setting the stage for its next collapse. Similarly, compensation scattered across isolated projects may produce temporary results without addressing the root causes of vulnerability.
Restorative justice could therefore fund additional investments: education, health care, ecosystem protection, resilient infrastructure, strong institutions, and economies capable of retaining more value within the Caribbean region. The goal would be to compensate for a loss while making its recurrence less likely.
Three Possible Changes for CARICOM
Restorative justice offers three avenues for the region. First, every major public or financial decision could assess what it creates and what it destroys in terms of the four forms of wealth. Second, reparations could be organized as a coherent portfolio of reconstruction and transformation. Finally, human and environmental costs could be incorporated into the evaluation of projects, loans, and investments.
Restorative justice would thus shift the focus of the debate. For the Caribbean, making amends for the past could become a way to protect the future, by finally treating people, nature, institutions, and infrastructure as equally valuable.
In this context, restorative justice refers to an approach aimed at acknowledging and addressing the lasting consequences of slavery and colonization. It is not limited to the payment of financial compensation; it also seeks to invest in communities, institutions, the environment, and the economy to ensure that the same inequalities do not continue to be perpetuated.
The four forms of capital are productive capital, which includes infrastructure and businesses; natural capital, such as forests, reefs, and water; human capital, which encompasses health, education, and skills; and societal capital, based on institutions, trust, and social cohesion. Sustainable development requires advancing these four forms of capital together, without enriching one at the expense of the others.
It could help fund a coherent set of initiatives in education, health, ecosystem protection, climate resilience, and infrastructure. It also involves factoring human and environmental costs into financial decisions and assessing what each project creates or destroys. These guidelines were presented to CARICOM as proposals, not as decisions that have already been adopted.
On July 7, 2026, in Saint Lucia, French Guiana officially became the eighth associate member of the Caribbean Community. French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM marks the culmination of more than ten years of growing ties and opens a new framework for cooperation with neighboring territories. It comes two days after Martinique’s first official participation, as an associate member, in the Conference of Heads of Government.
French Guiana's Accession to CARICOM Signed in Saint Lucia
In Gros-Islet, Gabriel Serville, president of the Territorial Collectivity of French Guiana, signed the agreement alongside Philip J. Pierre, prime minister of Saint Lucia and current chair of CARICOM. The ceremony took place during the 51st Ordinary Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government, held from July 5 to 8, 2026. According to the organization’s secretariat, the July 7 signing made French Guiana its eighth associate member. French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM thus transforms a long-standing diplomatic initiative into an institutional presence in the Caribbean region.
A distinction must be made between French Guiana and the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, a full member of CARICOM since 1973. French Guiana, however, shares a border with Suriname and is part of the Guiana Shield, which is directly linked to developments in South America and the Caribbean.
What French Guiana’s Membership in CARICOM Enables
French Guiana does not become a full member state. However, its status as an associate member allows it to participate, as an observer, in meetings of the Conference of Heads of Government and in several Community institutions. It will be able to take part in the activities of the organizations with which it is associated, propose programs, and benefit from certain regional initiatives. This status does not grant it the same decision-making powers as full members, but it does create a more structured framework for cooperation.
French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM can foster cooperation in several sectors. At the signing ceremony, Philip J. Pierre highlighted regional development, economic exchanges, climate resilience, border issues, security, culture, education, health, and environmental protection. These priorities are particularly relevant to French Guiana. As an Amazonian and European territory located in South America, it faces challenges that extend beyond its borders. Human mobility, public health, biodiversity, and climate risks often require coordinated responses.
More than ten years of regional integration
The process for French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM did not begin in 2026. As early as January 2015, a French Guianese delegation led by Rodolphe Alexandre, then president of the Regional Council, met with the CARICOM Secretary General to discuss becoming an associate member. Discussions were already focused on the economy, health, education, climate, and biodiversity. French Guiana also highlighted its ties with Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago, as well as its expertise in satellite and digital technologies.
An important legal milestone was reached in France in April 2026 with the approval of the agreement on CARICOM’s privileges and immunities. This framework was intended to facilitate the organization’s activities in the relevant French territories. French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM thus marks the territory’s transition from ad hoc cooperation to a lasting institutional relationship.
Two days after Martinique's first appearance
This regional session began on Sunday, July 5. At the opening of the 51st Conference of Heads of Government, Martinique took its seat for the first time as an associate member of CARICOM. The delegation was led by Serge Letchimy, president of the Executive Council of the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique. Its associate membership status took effect on June 16, 2026, following the signing of the accession agreement in February 2025 and France’s deposit of the instrument necessary for its entry into force. Its presence in Saint Lucia marked the first concrete manifestation of this new institutional role.
Two days later, French Guiana also joined the organization. These successive accessions mark a significant development for the French overseas collectives in the Americas. They remain part of France and the European Union, while assuming a more formal role in their regional context. For Martinique, the challenge is to strengthen its ties with neighboring islands. For French Guiana, it is also a matter of aligning its identity as part of the Amazon region with the dynamics of the Guiana Shield and the Caribbean.
French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM must now become a reality
French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM does not immediately transform transportation, economic exchanges, or academic cooperation. It does, however, create a framework within which joint projects can be developed and carried out with greater continuity. The next step will be to determine the institutions and programs in which French Guiana will prioritize participation. It will also be necessary to assess the concrete effects of this status on cultural actors, students, businesses, researchers, healthcare professionals, and residents.
French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM now places the territory within a regional framework where its concerns can be better heard. After more than ten years of discussions, the challenge will no longer be merely to have a seat at the table, but to transform that presence into tangible cooperation. French Guiana has just taken a historic step forward: it remains to be seen which bridges it will choose to build first.
French Guiana’s accession to CARICOM was formalized on July 7, 2026, in Gros Islet, Saint Lucia. The agreement was signed by Gabriel Serville, president of the Territorial Collectivity of French Guiana, and Philip J. Pierre, prime minister of Saint Lucia and current chair of CARICOM. French Guiana thus became the organization’s eighth associate member and participated in the 51st Conference of Heads of Government.
Associate member status allows French Guiana to attend meetings of the Conference of Heads of Government as an observer and to participate in several CARICOM institutions. It may contribute to discussions, propose programs, and benefit from certain regional initiatives. However, it does not have the same decision-making role as a full member state and does not participate in the Council on External and Community Relations.
The accession of French Guiana and Martinique marks a new stage in the regional integration of the French territories in the Americas. Martinique became CARICOM’s seventh associate member on June 16, 2026, before participating in the conference held in Saint Lucia from July 5 to 8. Two days after the opening of that summit, French Guiana became the eighth associate member, thereby strengthening its institutional presence in the Caribbean.
The decision was signed in Brasília, but its effects will be felt along the banks ofthe Oyapock River. On Wednesday, July 1, 2026, France and Brazil adopted a roadmap aimed at strengthening their cooperation along the French Guiana border. In particular, the agreement provides for the suspension of the short-stay visa requirement for Brazilian nationals wishing to travel to French Guiana, effective July 31.
On paper, this is an administrative measure. In reality, it touches on a more sensitive issue: that of a border long perceived by residents as close, yet complicated by regulations. For many Brazilians in Amapá, entering French Guiana has until now required a cumbersome process, even though family, business, and social ties exist on both sides of the river.
An anomaly that is difficult to defend
The France-Brazil announcement rectifies a situation often described as unfair. Brazilian nationals could travel to mainland France without a short-stay visa, but were required to apply for one to enter French Guiana, a French territory located right on their border. This difference in treatment fostered a sense of confusion, and sometimes even of discrimination.
French Guiana is not part of the Schengen Area, which partly explains this special arrangement. But on the ground, the legal explanation was no longer sufficient. In Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock, as in Oiapoque, the border is not merely a diplomatic line. It shapes lives, travel, markets, families, and long-standing traditions.
A Human and Strategic Border
France shares its longest land border with Brazil: approximately 730 kilometers between French Guiana and the state of Amapá, in the heart of the Amazon. This geographical reality gives the agreement special significance. France is not merely a European partner in its relations with Brazil. Through French Guiana, it is also a neighbor to South America, the Amazon region, and the Caribbean.
The suspension of short-stay visas does not apply solely to tourism. It can facilitate exchanges, bring residents closer together, support certain businesses, and ease a barrier that had been weighing particularly heavily on border communities. It also acknowledges that French Guiana cannot be understood solely from the perspective of Paris or Brasília, but must be viewed within the context of its own regional context.
Security, Drug Trafficking, and the Environment
This openness does not mean a lack of oversight. The roadmap signed in Brasília also aims to strengthen cooperation against drug trafficking, illegal gold mining, and environmental crimes. These are major challenges in a forested area that is difficult to monitor, where criminal networks operate, illegal gold flows, and intense pressure is being exerted on the Amazon.
The measure therefore strikes a delicate balance: facilitating legal travel while strengthening the fight against trafficking. For the French and Brazilian authorities, the challenge will be to demonstrate that the visa relaxation does not compromise security, but rather is part of a more effective, better-coordinated, and more respectful approach to local realities.
A development to watch closely
We must be clear: this is not a blanket, permanent waiver announced without conditions. The measure concerns the suspension of the short-stay visa requirement for Brazilian nationals entering French Guiana. The rules regarding duration, screening, and entry into the territory therefore remain in effect.
This is more than just a diplomatic agreement between France and Brazil. It demonstrates how an administrative decision can become a symbol of dignity, recognition, and regional cooperation. In Oyapock, the suspension of the short-stay visa marks a new phase. It will not single-handedly resolve border tensions, but it can correct an anomaly and compel both countries to view French Guiana as a true crossroads of the Amazon, the Caribbean, and South America.
Provided, however, that this openness is accompanied by concrete measures: an administrative presence, clear information for travelers, sustained police cooperation, and dialogue with local elected officials. Without these elements, the France-Brazil announcement could remain merely symbolic. With serious follow-through, it can bring about tangible change for those who experience the border firsthand every day—not just in press releases from the capitals, but right where the people affected live.
The France-Brazil agreement signed on July 1, 2026, in Brasília provides for enhanced cooperation between the two countries along the French Guiana border. In particular, it addresses the fight against drug trafficking, illegal gold mining, and environmental crimes. It also provides for the suspension of the short-stay visa requirement for Brazilian nationals wishing to travel to French Guiana starting July 31.
The suspension of the short-stay visa requirement is significant because it corrects a situation that has long been viewed as a border anomaly. Brazilian nationals could travel to mainland France without a short-stay visa, but were required to apply for one to enter French Guiana, even though it is located directly on the border with Amapá. This measure can therefore facilitate family, business, and social ties between the two territories.
No. The suspension applies to the short-stay visa requirement for Brazilian nationals traveling to French Guiana, but it does not eliminate border controls. Travelers must still comply with entry requirements, the authorized length of stay, and the rules applicable in French Guiana. The measure aims to facilitate legal travel while maintaining security cooperation between France and Brazil.
In the Caribbean, a high energy bill can slow down a business. A storm can cut off a road, block a port, or jeopardize a harvest. A security crisis can also extend beyond the borders of a single country. It is against this daily reality that the Canada-CARICOM dialogue is taking on a new dimension today.
Meeting in Panama City on the sidelines of the 2026 General Assembly of the Organization of American States, the foreign ministers of Canada and CARICOM sought to reinvigorate their strategic partnership. At the heart of their discussions was an action plan focused on three major priorities for the region: security, climate, and the economy.
Cooperation Aimed at Achieving Concrete Results
The Canada-CARICOM partnership builds on the strategic agreement launched in 2023. But the 2026 meeting marks an important milestone: both parties now want to move forward with a plan that is more specific, clearer, and more measurable.
The goal is not merely to demonstrate diplomatic closeness. It is to establish priorities, timelines, and funding mechanisms capable of producing results. For Caribbean countries, this clarity matters. The region faces a range of interrelated challenges: energy costs, climate-related disasters, maritime security, financial vulnerability, and the crisis in Haiti. The Caribbean is not merely asking for aid. It is seeking partners capable of understanding its realities and working alongside it for the long term.
Security: A Regional Emergency
Security is central to this new Canada-CARICOM plan. The ministers discussed transnational crime, gangs, irregular migration, maritime security, and illicit flows. For the region, these issues are not isolated. The sea serves as a link, but it is also an area of vulnerability. Trafficking, criminal networks, cyberthreats, and political crises sometimes spread faster than institutional responses can keep up.
Canada already supports certain regional initiatives through capacity building, targeted interventions, and operational partnerships. The new challenge is to move toward a more coordinated response: better protecting maritime areas, strengthening institutions, sharing relevant information, and limiting the influence of criminal networks.
Haiti: A Crisis That Affects the Entire Caribbean
Haiti is a major focus of the discussions. The political, security, and humanitarian crisis the country is facing has direct consequences for the region. In particular, the ministers highlighted the risks associated with drug and arms trafficking. Support for the Gang Suppression Force was among the topics discussed. This force is intended to help restore security on the ground, with a mandate set to be renewed by the United Nations Security Council.
But the response cannot be limited to security measures alone. The ministers also reaffirmed the right of Haitians to choose their own government. They support the holding of credible elections as soon as conditions permit, as well as efforts to combat corruption and impunity. Haiti serves as a powerful reminder: no lasting stability in the Caribbean can be achieved by leaving a country to face such a profound crisis on its own.
Climate and the Economy: Two Sides of the Same Challenge
The new Canada-CARICOM plan also clearly links climate and the economy. In the Caribbean, a natural disaster is never just a weather event. It affects families, businesses, roads, schools, ports, and public finances. Access to reliable and affordable energy is once again a priority. Overly expensive energy stifles innovation and puts a strain on households. A more stable energy supply can support industry, services, investment, and the transition to more sustainable models.
Trade is also part of the equation. The CARIBCAN program, which grants duty-free access to the Canadian market for most products originating in 18 Caribbean Commonwealth countries and territories, remains an important tool. It serves as a reminder that the Canada-CARICOM partnership is not just about diplomacy. It also encompasses economic opportunities, supply chains, and the ability of Caribbean businesses to expand beyond their local markets.
Greater Attention to the Caribbean's Vulnerability
Another key aspect of the Canada-CARICOM partnership concerns financing. Several Caribbean states are considered middle-income countries. Yet their vulnerability to climate-related disasters, economic shocks, and supply disruptions remains very high. This is one of the region’s major paradoxes. On paper, some countries appear too “advanced” to easily access concessional financing. In reality, a single crisis can undermine years of progress.
The ministers therefore emphasized the need to reform the international financial architecture. The idea is simple: the actual vulnerability of small states must be taken into account more fully—not just their average income.
A plan to follow closely
The coming months will be crucial. Officials still need to finalize the details of the action plan, identify priority initiatives, develop an implementation schedule, and strengthen monitoring efforts. A dialogue among senior officials is scheduled for the fall to advance this work.
The Canada-CARICOM partnership alone will not solve the Caribbean’s challenges. But it says something about the current moment: the region wants to be heard as a strategic area, not just as a vulnerable one. Now the real question remains: Will this new plan bring about visible changes for Caribbean people, businesses, and territories?
The new Canada-CARICOM plan is a roadmap designed to strengthen cooperation between Canada and the Caribbean Community. It is based on three priorities: more resilient economies, climate action, and regional security. The goal is to move from a diplomatic partnership to more concrete actions, with timelines, measurable results, and sustainable financing mechanisms.
Haiti is a key focus because its political, security, and humanitarian crises have repercussions for the entire region. The ministers discussed drug and arms trafficking, support for the Gang Suppression Force, and the right of Haitians to choose their own government. For CARICOM, Haiti’s stability therefore remains a regional issue, not just a national one.
The Canada-CARICOM Partnership directly links climate and the economy. It emphasizes access to reliable and affordable energy, the development of trade, the strengthening of supply chains, and access to financing tailored to the vulnerabilities of small Caribbean states. The goal is to enable the region to better withstand natural disasters, economic shocks, and international crises.
On June 21, 2026, the streets, squares, and cultural venues of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana hosted concerts, open-mic nights, and musical gatherings. In these three territories, the Music Festival took on different forms, drawing on local repertoires and featuring both amateur and professional artists.
The 45th Music Festival, open to everyone
Created in 1982 at the initiative of Jack Lang, Maurice Fleuret, and Christian Dupavillon, the Music Festival celebrated its 45th edition this year. Its purpose remains the same: to showcase live music, bring together music lovers and professionals, and offer free concerts on June 21. The event is now celebrated in more than a hundred countries.
In France’s Caribbean and Amazonian territories, this common framework is reinterpreted in light of local realities. Zouk, gwoka, biguine, reggae, Creole jazz, percussion, urban music, and South American influences can all come together in a single program. This diversity does not turn the three territories into a uniform whole. Rather, it shows how each one adapts a national event to its own music scenes, languages, and musical trends.
In Martinique, a route connecting the city center and the neighborhoods
In Fort-de-France, the city had announced a musical route designed to bring artists and the public together between the city center and various neighborhoods. The city’s call for participation also involved volunteers in the organization, in keeping with the event’s participatory spirit.
Across the island, the program spanned several municipalities and, in some cases, lasted the entire weekend. At Schœlcher, the Village Musical featured more than 200 artists spread across seven venues. Gospel, reggae, salsa, percussion, traditional music, DJ sets, and urban music were among the offerings. This juxtaposition of generations and musical styles illustrates one of the strengths of the Music Festival: creating a shared stage without imposing a dominant genre.
In Guadeloupe, Musical Heritage Takes Center Stage
In Pointe-à-Pitre, the program featured a special edition of the Marché de Kalina, from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. at Place de la Victoire, celebrating Guadeloupean culture and traditions, with artistic performances. The event was therefore more of a cultural and musical celebration than a large evening concert.
Elsewhere in the archipelago, the programs gave prominent coverage to Guadeloupe’s musical heritage. In Le Moule, the two-day program featured a meeting with Pierre-Édouard Décimus and Maalkhéma, an event centered on the ka, an open mic, as well as zouk, biguine, jazz, and gospel. This lineup serves as a reminder that the Music Festival can also convey musical history, showcase the region’s instruments, and bridge the gap between heritage and contemporary creation.
In French Guiana, open-air venues between the city and the Amazon
In French Guiana, the Music Festival took on several forms. In Cayenne, a number of events took place in public spaces. An open-mic stage was scheduled to begin at 4 p.m. on Place des Chaînes Brisées, followed by another event on Place des Palmistes starting at 6 p.m. featuring several DJs. The Kayenn’Art festival, held at La Poudrière over the weekend, also combined visual arts, local creations, and musical performances.
These proposals reflect a unique soundscape. Guyanese music is shaped by its interaction with Creole, Bushinengue, Surinamese, Brazilian, and Caribbean musical traditions. However, we must avoid reducing these exchanges to a single border or a single genre: they follow migration patterns, languages, media, artistic collaborations, and the history of the Guiana Shield.
Why does the Music Festival remain accessible?
Free admission remains one of the defining features of the Music Festival. This does not mean that every event can be organized without rules or coordination. Municipalities issue calls for participation, designate venues, and oversee the setup. However, public access to the concerts included in the program remains free.
When it comes to ticketed cultural events, this principle fosters a different relationship with the stage. The audience can move from one venue to another, listen to an unknown band, or stop by an open mic without having to buy a ticket. This accessibility fosters encounters, even if it is not, on its own, sufficient to measure the cultural success of a festival.
The 2026 Music Festival was officially held on June 21, with some events taking place over several days during the weekend. This 45th edition featured concerts, open-air stages, and cultural events in several towns across Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana.
In Martinique, Fort-de-France offered a musical tour connecting the city center with the neighborhoods, while Schœlcher featured more than 200 artists across seven venues. In Guadeloupe, the Kalina Market in Pointe-à-Pitre and the activities organized in Le Moule highlighted local cultures. In French Guiana, Cayenne hosted open-air stages at the Chaînes Brisées and Palmistes squares, as well as the Kayenn’Art festival at La Poudrière.
The Music Festival allows amateur and professional artists to perform for free in public spaces. In Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana, it also highlights local and regional musical genres, such as zouk, gwoka, biguine, reggae, percussion, urban music, and Amazonian influences.
Organized by the Caribbean Chamber of Commerce in Europe (CCCE), the second edition of Caribbean Days brought together various expressions of Caribbean culture at UNESCO headquarters in Paris. Over the course of four days, the event provided a forum for dialogue on regional cooperation, sustainable tourism, and economic relations between the Caribbean and Europe.
A Caribbean-style restaurant with a view of Paris
On the roof of UNESCO, Caribbean chefs from the association Les Toques françaises are preparing a three-course Caribbean menu. From the restaurant, guests can see the Eiffel Tower, Les Invalides, and the Left Bank. This scene captures the spirit of the Caribbean Days : to showcase the Caribbean through its creative works and craftsmanship, and then use this cultural presence to foster broader exchanges.
The Caribbean Chamber of Commerce in Europe (CCCE) organized this second edition as part of Latin American and Caribbean Week. Under the theme “Peace, Diversity, and Sustainability,” the event brought together representatives from the cultural, institutional, diplomatic, and economic sectors.
Over the course of four days, the program featured the visual arts, gastronomy, fashion, film, literature, poetry, music, and dance. These disciplines showcased various facets of Caribbean creativity in a venue dedicated to education, science, culture, and heritage.
Creative Industries Take Center Stage
The Caribbean Days highlighted the creative industries as one of the region’s strengths. Cuisine, fashion, film, storytelling, music, and dance served as points of connection between different regions and sectors.
This diversity brought together Caribbean ambassadors, other diplomats, representatives from the public sector, and private-sector stakeholders. Culture thus provided a common framework for discussions on development, investment, and partnerships.
Founded in November 2019, the CCCE’s mission is to facilitate exchanges between the Greater Caribbean and Europe. It also seeks to encourage European investment in the region’s sustainable economic development. In Paris, this mission has taken the form of meetings between institutions, businesses, and Caribbean representatives.
Regional Cooperation Over Lunch
A luncheon discussion focused on cooperation between France’s overseas territories in the Caribbean and CARIFORUM member states. Representatives from the Bank of France, Expertise France, and the OECD gave presentations.
The remarks by French Senator Micheline Jacques, who supports an economic partnership between France’s overseas territories and Haiti, refocused the debate on a concrete question: How can we strengthen ties among the various parts of the Caribbean region?
Through this event, the Caribbean Days brought culture, diplomacy, and the economy closer together. Gastronomy was not merely a backdrop; it served as a framework for dialogue on potential areas of cooperation and on the Caribbean’s role in its relations with Europe.
Sustainable Tourism in the Face of Climate Change
A roundtable discussion was held on sustainable tourism. Geoffrey Lipman, former president of the World Travel and Tourism Council and former deputy secretary-general of the World Tourism Organization, participated alongside Florian Valmy-Desvillers, director of business development for the Caribbean Tourism Organization in the United Kingdom and Europe.
Jo Spalburg, Secretary General of the CCCE, summarized the main message of these discussions. According to him, the acceleration of climate change makes it necessary to develop tourism that is more sustainable and more beneficial to local communities. These communities play a direct role in protecting the region’s natural and cultural heritage for future generations.
This reflection gives the Caribbean Days a specific scope. It links the promotion of Caribbean destinations to the responsibility of preserving what attracts visitors: landscapes, cultural heritage, cultural practices, and local knowledge.
From Cultural Visibility to Partnerships
As this second edition comes to a close, the CCCE is highlighting a collective goal: to transform cultural visibility into collaborations, innovation, and sustainable growth for the region.
The Caribbean Days have shown that culture can foster dialogue among diplomats, institutions, businesses, and creative professionals. What happens next will depend on the ability of the partners gathered in Paris to turn these exchanges into concrete partnerships that benefit Caribbean regions and communities.
Caribbean Days, also known as Journées des Caraïbes, is an event organized by the Caribbean Chamber of Commerce in Europe at UNESCO headquarters in Paris. Over the course of four days, the second edition of the event showcased the visual arts, gastronomy, fashion, film, literature, poetry, music, and dance. The event took place under the theme “Peace, Diversity, and Sustainability,” as part of Latin American and Caribbean Week.
Caribbean Days is organized by the Caribbean Chamber of Commerce in Europe (CCCE). Founded in November 2019, this organization seeks to facilitate exchanges between the Greater Caribbean and Europe, while encouraging European investment in the region’s sustainable economic development. In Paris, the CCCE brought together representatives from the cultural, diplomatic, institutional, and economic sectors to discuss Caribbean culture and challenges.
Caribbean Days combined the promotion of creative industries with discussions on regional cooperation and sustainable tourism. A luncheon forum focused on relations between France’s overseas territories in the Caribbean and CARIFORUM member states. A roundtable discussion also addressed the effects of climate change and the need to develop more sustainable tourism that better benefits local communities working to protect the region’s natural and cultural heritage.
A constraint that can become a value
The Caribbean is experiencing climate change directly, brutally and continuously. More intense cyclonic seasons, accelerated coastal erosion, fragile coral ecosystems, energy vulnerability: no island in the region has been totally spared. For a long time, this reality has been presented as a constraint for public budgets, for tourism operators and for economic models based on the classic spa industry.
The Travel Dreams 2026 report by Amadeus, however, suggests a possible turnaround. What was once perceived as a fragility can become a value proposition, as long as it is acknowledged and accurately portrayed. This is where the notion of visible sustainability becomes central.
What travellers say
The study first documents the scale of demand. Of the 6,000 travelers surveyed across six major global markets, 75% say that a hotel’s sustainability commitments are important in their booking decision. More than one in three, precisely 35%, consider them “very important”.
And this concern translates into willingness to pay. Travelers who place importance on this criterion say they are willing to spend an average of 11.7% more per night to stay in an establishment with serious sustainable practices. This represents around $29 more on a $250 room. Among Generation Z travelers, this willingness rises to 14.7%, or almost $37 more per night. Visible sustainability starts here: in a hotel’s ability to communicate why these practices are worth more.
One data point deserves particular attention for the Caribbean: sensitivity to sustainability varies greatly according to source markets. It reaches 93% of travelers surveyed in India and 85% in China, compared to 65% in the UK and Germany. For a region seeking to reduce its dependence on traditional markets, these discrepancies open up a strategic avenue to be handled with caution. These travelers won’t be satisfied with a generic discourse on nature. They’ll be looking for evidence, visible features, documented stories. For the Caribbean, visible sustainability can become a way of speaking to these audiences without denying its local roots.
What hotels do
On the supply side, Amadeus data show a widespread commitment among the hoteliers surveyed. Of the 500 general managers or equivalent profiles consulted across nine countries, all say they plan to spend on sustainability initiatives in the coming year. The average anticipated expenditure represents 6.7% of total company expenditure. And 35% of hoteliers identify sustainability as a key differentiating factor from their competitors.
But the study also highlights a revealing discrepancy. Hotels invest primarily in actions that have an internal operational efficiency rationale: water conservation (33%), sustainable catering supply (33%), responsible supply chains (33%), waste reduction (32%), staff training (32%).
On the other hand, practices that are more visible to the customer, such as renewable energies (28%), biodiversity and community initiatives (27%), and the link between sustainability and loyalty programs (21%), remain less developed. It is this tension that makes visible sustainability strategic: it forces us to move from internal effort to an experience understood by the traveler.
Closing the gap
Joerg Schuler, Head of Global Hospitality Sales at Amadeus, sums up this discrepancy by talking about sustainability as being more “visible, experiential and integrated into the stay”. The formula is important, because it changes the subject. It’s no longer just a question of saying that a hotel consumes less water or reduces its waste. It’s about making these choices understandable, concrete and experienced by the traveler. Visible sustainability therefore requires not only proof, but also an accurate narrative.
This gap is precisely what the Caribbean can bridge. Visible Caribbean sustainability is not an abstract technical program. It can be embodied in visible, relatable, situated practices. Restoring mangroves. Coral reef protection. Local solar energy. Short-distance sourcing from small island producers. Saving water in contexts where the resource is precious. Passing on traditional knowledge of how to use the environment sparingly.
Each of these practices can be both a serious environmental commitment and a story that travelers can experience during their stay. It is this articulation that transforms visible sustainability into perceived value, and thus into pricing leverage.
A value to be documented
A Caribbean hotel that can document, with figures, identified partners and measurable results, its role in restoring a local ecosystem is no longer just selling a room. It’s selling participation in a broader regional project. Travelers surveyed by Amadeus have already indicated their willingness to pay for this. Visible sustainability therefore requires showing what is being done, by whom, with what effects.
This logic goes beyond the individual hotel business. It also concerns destination management bodies, tourism authorities and regional economic players. A region’s ability to credibly communicate its ecological commitment is becoming a competitive variable in the face of other tropical destinations. At destination level, visible sustainability can become a common language for hotels, producers, associations, communities and travellers.
The Caribbean challenge
For the Caribbean, the challenge is not to become sustainable in the sense that other regions understand it. It is to make legible a sustainability that, in many cases, is already practiced at the level of communities, small businesses, local cooperatives and inherited know-how. The global market is willing to pay for it. The question is whether the region will be able to present this reality with the appropriate rigor, coherence and pride.
This series of articles, in its three parts, has attempted to defend the same thesis. The expectations of travelers in 2026 – disconnection, connection to place, visible sustainability – are not constraints that Caribbean players have to endure. They are expectations that the region structurally bears, by virtue of its geography, cultures and history. What remains, as always, is the patient task of putting them into words. This is the editorial mission that Richès Karayib will continue to carry out, alongside the region’s economic, institutional and creative players.
Visible sustainability refers to the set of sustainable commitments that a traveler can actually see, understand or experience during their stay. It’s not just about internal measures, such as reducing water costs or limiting waste behind the scenes. In the Caribbean, this can take the form of solar power clearly integrated into the hotel, a mangrove restoration program, coral reef protection, sourcing from local producers or community actions presented with concrete results. This approach makes the ecological commitment more legible and credible for the traveler.
Visible sustainability can become a competitive advantage as travelers increasingly value hotels’ environmental commitments. According to the data used in the article, a majority of travelers consider these commitments to be important when choosing an establishment, and a proportion are even willing to pay more for serious practices. For Caribbean hotels, the challenge is not only to act, but also to document and tell the story of these actions with precision. An establishment capable of demonstrating its local impact is no longer just selling a room: it is proposing participation in a local project.
Caribbean destinations can better promote their visible sustainability by linking the actions of hotels, producers, associations, local authorities and communities into a coherent narrative. This requires proof: figures, identified partners, measurable results, actions monitored over time. A destination that explains how it protects its reefs, saves water, supports short circuits or restores its ecosystems builds a stronger promise than a simple discourse on nature. For the Caribbean, this storytelling is strategic, as it transforms real climate vulnerability into a cultural, ecological and economic value proposition.
Bamby hasn’t announced a concert date like adding a line to a tour. In a video posted on Instagram, the Guyanese artist spoke of emotion. On October 20, 2026, she will take to the stage at the Élysée Montmartre in Paris, a venue steeped in history. For many fans, this appointment tells more than a musical agenda: it marks a rare milestone for a voice born in French Guiana.
An artist shaped by French Guiana
Behind the stage name Bamby, there’s Ambre Zamor, an artist from French Guiana, associated from the outset with a direct, popular dancehall energy, often carried by the language, attitudes and sound codes of the territory. She came to prominence in 2015 with Real Wifey, in collaboration with Jahyanai, another important figure on the Guyanese scene. This track establishes a clear identity: a female voice, an assertive Caribbean phrasing, a way of addressing her audience without erasing its origin.
Since then, Bamby has made his way outside the most comfortable circuits. Coming from an overseas territory often means crossing two borders. The first is geographical. The second is symbolic: to convince people that the music produced in French Guiana is not peripheral, but capable of dialoguing with the major French, Caribbean and diasporic scenes. On this journey, consistency counts as much as the brilliance of a title.
His case also speaks to young artists working far from decision-making centers. In French Guiana, remoteness complicates travel, professional meetings, national media and meetings with labels. When a singer from this territory reaches a well-known Parisian venue, it doesn’t solve everything. But it does prove that a career path can be built from Cayenne, with its own networks, regional collaborations and an audience that follows even before Paris looks on, without changing the center of gravity.
The appointment that changes the scale
The highlight of 2026 was her nomination for the Flammes. Bamby is presented as the first Guyanese artist to be nominated for this event. This is an important detail. Les Flammes is more than just a showcase: the ceremony has established itself as a place of recognition for rap, RnB, African and Caribbean music and popular culture.
Being nominated in three categories, including female artist of the year, album of the year and album cover of the year, puts Bamby in a highly watched circle. For Guyana, this presence shifts the gaze. It reminds us that the territory produces artists capable of weighing in on national conversations, without renouncing their cultural accent. It also shows something that is often forgotten: the Guyanese scene doesn’t wait to be validated in order to exist. It already exists, but each public recognition gives it a wider surface.
"Not Jealous", the title that confirms
Bamby ‘s progression is also supported by “Pas Jalouse”, his track with Kerchak. The track has been certified a platinum single by SNEP, with a record date of May 28, 2026. Here again, the fact is solid. This is not just perceived popularity on the networks, but official certification in the French music industry.
This success lends another dimension to the Paris concert. L’Élysée Montmartre doesn’t come after a short fashion. It comes after a decade of presence, collaborations, titles broadcast far beyond Cayenne, and a year 2026 where several signals come together: nomination, certification, national exposure, then the Paris scene.
A Parisian date, a Guyanese signal
On October 20, 2026, Bamby won’t be representing all of French Guiana on her own. No single artist carries a territory. But his trajectory can serve as a point of support. It makes visible an ecosystem that is often summed up too quickly, even though it is criss-crossed by dancehall, zouk, urban influences and exchanges with the West Indies, Suriname, Brazil and France.
This concert tells the story of how a French-speaking Caribbean artist expands her space without dissolving. It’s about access to stages, recognition, language and pride. The question is now a simple one: how many other voices from French Guiana will find their way onto these stages after her?
Bamby, whose real name is Ambre Zamor, is a singer from French Guiana, associated with the dancehall scene and Caribbean urban music. Revealed to a wide audience with “Real Wifey”, in collaboration with Jahyanai, she has built a career marked by an assertive Guyanese musical identity. Her nomination for Flammes 2026 gives national visibility to her career path, and serves as a reminder that French Guiana has a music scene capable of dialoguing with the big names in French industry.
Bamby’s nomination for Les Flammes is significant because she is presented as the first Guyanese artist to be nominated for this event. Beyond her individual career, this recognition highlights a territory that is often less exposed in the major national cultural media. It shows that artists from French Guiana are not on the bangs of the French music scene: they are part of it with their own sounds, languages, collaborations and their own way of telling the story of the territory.
Bamby is scheduled to perform in Paris on October 20, 2026, at the Élysée Montmartre. This date marks an important milestone in her year 2026, already boosted by her Flammes nomination and the Platinum certification of “Pas Jalouse”, her track with Kerchak. For his audience, this Paris concert represents more than just a date: it confirms the expansion of his audience and the growing place of Guyanese artists on national stages.
When luxury is more than just décor
For a long time, luxury in the international hotel industry was measured by the thickness of the marble, the height of the ceilings, the scarcity of objects in the rooms. Some of this grammar still exists. But another, potentially more profitable, is emerging. Cultural luxury is gaining in importance. It is measured by the quality of the connection a traveler can establish with the place he or she is visiting.
This evolution is documented in Travel Dreams 2026: From data to delight, a report published by Amadeus in April 2026, based on a survey conducted by Opinium Research in the fourth quarter of 2025. Asked about the sensations they seek in a destination, 24% of the 6,000 travelers cited “connection to a place: food, experiences, special moments”. This was the second most frequent response, behind freedom. As far as hoteliers are concerned, the figure is becoming strategic: 44% of the 500 general managers surveyed across nine countries identified “concierge and guided experiences” as one of the two main drivers of growth in non-room revenues, on a par with social events.
What travellers are really looking for
In other words, what travelers are looking for, and what hoteliers worldwide are beginning to monetize in earnest, is the same thing: access to living culture. Cultural luxury is not just about décor or service levels. It’s about creating the right relationship between the visitor, the area and the people who bring it to life.
The Amadeus report goes further, putting a figure on what it calls “local experience kits”: neighborhood guides, handcrafted souvenirs, connections with cultural players. It estimates that a mid-range hotel could generate over $243,000 in additional annual revenue from this type of service, based on a guide price of $20 per kit. Nearly a third of business travelers who extend their stay for leisure purposes say they are prepared to pay more than 15% above the average rate for this type of service. With this in mind, cultural luxury is also becoming an issue of business model, not just image.
The Caribbean's value is still under-structured
This fact is particularly relevant to the Caribbean. The region’s cultural heritage is alive and well, but still unevenly structured in terms of tourism and hotel offerings. The Kalinago traditions of Dominica, the Creole languages spoken from island to island, the memory of ancient maritime routes, syncretic ritual practices, culinary know-how handed down outside the formal circuits: all this constitutes a capital that still largely escapes the logics of standard hotel valorization. And yet, this is precisely where cultural luxury can find its most solid footing.
Exceptions do exist. Some independent hotels in the Caribbean have long understood that having a traveler dine in a local market, meet with an artisan or enjoy an hour’s silent walk in a heritage district creates a value that is difficult to compare with a standardized spa facility. But these initiatives often remain isolated, barely visible in destination communications, and rarely structured as a coherent economic proposition. To turn cultural luxury into a sustainable lever, we need to move on from one-off initiatives to a clear, profitable offering that respects local players.
Local experiences to be organized differently
The Amadeus report identifies a potentially game-changing trend. According to the study, 41% of hotels surveyed have already created packages linked to regional concerts, cultural events or popular TV series, and 38% plan to do so within the year. The traveler of 2026 no longer comes just to see a place. They come to enter into a relationship with it, through proposals that are constructed, told and embodied. This shift towards cultural luxury is exactly the kind of proposition that the Caribbean can articulate, provided its economic players work together.
This implies a number of shifts. Firstly, we need to move away from competition between islands and think in terms of pan-Caribbean offerings, where the richness of each territory complements rather than cannibalizes each other. Secondly, we need to professionalize the way in which our cultural heritage is presented: not by folklorizing it, but by presenting it with the editorial and visual rigor expected by a well-informed international traveler. Finally, we need to structure the economic relationship between hotels, local cultural players and experience operators, so that the value generated benefits the regions and not just international intermediation platforms. Caribbean cultural luxury can only be as strong as the people who bring it to life.
A journey that also promises personal transformation
Another statistic in the report is worth noting. Asked what they hope to bring back from a trip, 18% of travelers surveyed cite “a new version of themselves: clearer, lighter, more intentional”. This figure rises to 39% among travelers surveyed in China. For Caribbean destinations seeking to diversify their source markets, this signal deserves attention. It does not allow us to generalize to all Asian markets, but it does show that some travelers already associate travel with a form of personal transformation.
Enhancing without diluting
In 2026, cultural luxury is no longer sold in rooms alone. It’s sold in encounters. In hours. In presence. The Caribbean has what it takes to meet these expectations. All that remains is to organize it, to tell its story, to enhance its value without diluting it.
Cultural luxury is a new way of thinking about high-end travel. It’s not just about the comfort of a hotel, the quality of a room or the presence of exclusive amenities. It’s built around the relationship between the traveler and the territory visited. In tourism, this can take the form of a meeting with an artisan, a meal prepared with local produce, a guided tour by a local, or an experience that provides a better understanding of a place’s history, languages, practices and memories. Cultural luxury therefore gives value to that which cannot easily be copied: the living identity of a territory.
Cultural luxury represents a major opportunity for the Caribbean, as the region boasts a rich living heritage: Creole languages, culinary traditions, historical memories, music, craft skills, community practices and indigenous or Afro-descendant heritages. Yet some of this richness remains unstructured in conventional tourism offerings. By developing better-organized local experiences, Caribbean territories can create new revenue streams, boost the attractiveness of their destinations and better involve cultural players in the value generated by tourism. The challenge is not just economic: it also concerns the transmission, recognition and preservation of local identities.
Caribbean hotels can develop cultural luxury by working directly with local players: artisans, guides, chefs, artists, historians, cultural associations, heritage communities and experience operators. The aim is not to turn culture into décor, but to build respectful, rewarding and well-told propositions. This means choosing legitimate partners, presenting traditions accurately, avoiding clichés and guaranteeing that income actually benefits the people who carry this knowledge. A solid cultural luxury doesn’t put culture on display: it creates a fair encounter between the visitor, the place and those who bring it to life.
In New York, Caribbean flags are never seen by chance. In June, they tell a family story, a memory of exile, a sense of belonging that crosses American islands and cities. In Manhattan this Monday, June 1, the Caribbean Tourism Organization officially opens Caribbean Week New York 2026. Business forums, professional meetings, cultural presentations: for five days, from June 1 to 5, the American metropolis becomes one of the major meeting points for the organized Caribbean. And this year, the event takes on a special dimension. Caribbean American Heritage Month marks twenty years of national recognition.
A Caribbean week in the heart of New York City
In 2026, Caribbean Week NY will focus on the theme “One Caribbean: Infinite Experiences”. Caribbean American Heritage Month, on the other hand, focuses more broadly on the idea of memory, identity and unity. Three words sum up the spirit of this year’s Caribbean American Heritage Month. Independence, because Caribbean peoples continue to construct their own narratives. Identity, because it is forged as much in the islands as in the cities of the North. Unity, finally, because Caribbean countries, territories and communities can recognize themselves in a common history without erasing their differences.
Claire Nelson, one of the decisive voices of the Caribbean-American month
Claire Nelson knows this story well. Founder of the Institute of Caribbean Studies in Washington, she championed the idea of a national month dedicated to Caribbean contributions to the United States in the late 1990s. After several years of advocacy, the initiative made headway in Congress with the support of Congresswoman Barbara Lee. In June 2006, President George W. Bush signed the Presidential Proclamation officially recognizing June as Caribbean American Heritage Month in the United States. Without Claire Nelson, without the Institute of Caribbean Studies, without Barbara Lee, this national event would probably not have taken on such importance.
From recognition to visibility
Twenty years on, it’s not just about recognition. It’s visibility. The 2026 program reflects this expansion: Caribbean book fairs, Caribbean Restaurant Week, DC Caribbean Film Festival, then a legislative week from June 8 to 11 with exchanges devoted to Caribbean interests on Capitol Hill. In New York, the New York Public Library is also planning activities during the month, starting with a screening of Bob Marley: One Love on June 1 at the Mott Haven Library in the Bronx.
A Caribbean diaspora that counts in the United States
The U.S. Caribbean diaspora is not marginal in the ethnic mosaic of the United States. According to the Migration Policy Institute, immigrants born in the Caribbean region were estimated to number 5.3 million in the United States in 2024, representing around one tenth of the country’s immigrant population. If descendants born on American soil are added, the Caribbean presence far exceeds the first generation. New York, Miami, Boston, Orlando, Tampa, as well as Washington and Atlanta, are home to structured communities, visible in businesses, churches, associations, local media and cultural events.
Jamaicans, Trinidadians, Haitians, Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Barbadians, Guyanese, Bahamians: the list is long, and each community defends its own identity while participating in a shared pan-Caribbean narrative. This diasporic singularity deserves to be named precisely. Unlike other communities with a single national origin, the Caribbean diaspora in the United States often operates on a dual register: national pride and regional awareness. The month of June does not erase the first sense of belonging. It activates the second. It’s a time when island flags can appear together, from Brooklyn to Little Haiti, without each story losing its voice.
Caribbean figures in American history
American history is itself criss-crossed by Caribbean figures that many still ignore. Alexander Hamilton, the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury and architect of the American financial system, was born in Nevis, in the British West Indies, before he left for the American colonies. Sidney Poitier, a Bahamian-American actor, became the first black actor to win the Oscar for Best Actor in 1964, for Lilies of the Field. Audre Lorde, poet and leading thinker of black feminism, grew up in New York in a family of Caribbean origin. Colin Powell, America’s first black Secretary of State, was the son of Jamaican parents.
The list continues with Harry Belafonte, Cicely Tyson, Stokely Carmichael (now Kwame Ture), Marcus Garvey and Shirley Chisholm. The latter, the first black woman elected to the US Congress, was born in Brooklyn into a family with roots in Barbados and Guyana. These names do not form a symbolic gallery. They show how the Caribbean has participated, sometimes from the margins, in writing central pages in the political, artistic and social history of the United States.
Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago: memories in motion
For the Guyanese diaspora, Caribbean American Heritage Month this year extends the 60th anniversary of Guyana’s independence, marked at the end of May in Brooklyn. In Jamaica, the press revisited the 30th anniversary of the Sinbad Soul Music Festival, associated with Montego Bay and the rise of music tourism aimed at African-American audiences. For Trinidad and Tobago, Caribbean American Heritage Month also spotlights Claudia Jones, a Trinidadian journalist and activist deported from the United States in 1955, considered one of the founding figures of the Caribbean Carnival in London, whose legacy has nourished the Notting Hill Carnival.
A transmission framework for new generations
Twenty years after the 2006 presidential proclamation, Caribbean American Heritage Month is no longer just a calendar or a series of events. It has become a framework for transmission. It enables the diaspora to recognize, document and tell new generations what it means to be Caribbean, American, island, urban, national and regional. The work is not finished. But in 2026, in Manhattan, Brooklyn, Miami, Washington or Boston, millions of Caribbean-Americans are preparing to continue it, each with their own accent, flag and memory.
Each June, Caribbean American Heritage Month is dedicated to recognizing the contributions of Caribbean people and their descendants to the United States. It highlights the history, culture, migratory patterns, public figures and social, artistic and political legacies of the Caribbean. In 2026, it takes on a special dimension, as it marks twenty years of national recognition since the presidential proclamation of 2006.
Caribbean Week NY is important in 2026 because it opens the month of June in a highly symbolic context: the 20th anniversary of Caribbean American Heritage Month. Organized in New York, it brings together tourism players, institutions, diasporic communities and Caribbean representatives with a common goal: to make the Caribbean’s place in the American space more visible. It also shows that culture, tourism and diasporic memory are closely linked.
The Caribbean diaspora plays a major role in the United States, culturally, politically, economically and socially. Present in New York, Miami, Boston, Washington and Atlanta, it brings together communities from Jamaica, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Barbados and the Bahamas. Caribbean American Heritage Month helps us better understand this dual sense of belonging: national pride specific to each island or territory, and a shared Caribbean consciousness.
