José Martí is not only a great figure in Cuban history. He is one of the most important intellectuals in the Caribbean world, because he was able to combine writing, political thought, journalism and revolutionary action in a single career. Born in Havana on January 28, 1853, and killed in action at Dos Ríos on May 19, 1895, he became the symbol of Cuba’s struggle for independence from Spain. His influence soon extended beyond Cuba’s borders, however, to the whole of Latin America and the Caribbean.
Why is José Martí still such a major figure?
What distinguishes José Martí from many political figures of the 19th century is the breadth of his legacy. He was a poet, essayist, journalist, political organizer and thinker of sovereignty. His name remains associated with the idea of dignity, emancipation and historical responsibility.
A youth marked by repression and exile
José Martí’s life changed at a very early age. As a teenager, he took a stand in favor of Cuban independence in the context of the war that began in 1868. As a result, he was sentenced to hard labor and deported to Spain. There, he continued his studies and obtained a university degree in Saragossa. This period was decisive in shaping a man convinced that political freedom could not be dissociated from education, culture and historical lucidity.
Exile did not take him away from Cuba. On the contrary, it broadened his horizons. José Martí went on to visit several countries, including Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela and above all the United States. From New York, he observed the geopolitical tensions of his time and developed a central idea: Cuba must free itself from Spanish domination without falling into another form of dependence.
José Martí, leading writer and journalist
It would be a mistake to reduce José Martí to a revolutionary figure. His literary importance is immense. His writing combines political density, moral force and stylistic rigor. His essays are often considered his most enduring contribution to Spanish-American letters. His poetry, on the other hand, is never cut off from reality. For José Martí, writing is not a matter of distancing oneself from the world, but of looking at it with greater precision. This link between literature and commitment explains why his work continues to be studied well beyond Cuba.
"Nuestra América", a fundamental text
Among his writings, “Nuestra América” published in 1891, remains central. In it, José Martí defends a simple but profound idea: the peoples of the region must not mechanically copy models from elsewhere. They must build their institutions, their culture and their future on the basis of their own historical reality. These ideas remain highly topical in the contemporary Caribbean. It sheds light on debates about identity, cultural sovereignty, education and how Caribbean societies can assert their voice in a world dominated by large centers of power.
The strategist of Cuban independence
He didn’t just write. He played a concrete role in organizing the last phase of the Cuban independence struggle. He helped form the Cuban Revolutionary Party and made New York the center of preparations for the uprising. His aim was to unify the independence forces and give political coherence to the Cuban cause. In 1895, he joined the expedition to Cuba with Máximo Gómez. Shortly after his return to Cuba, he was killed in action at Dos Ríos on May 19. This premature death freezes his image in the collective memory: that of a man who matched his thoughts with his deeds.
A legacy still alive in the Caribbean
José Martí ‘s influence did not stop in the 19th century. His legacy lives on in contemporary debates. In fact, he remains essential because he embodies a rare idea: that of a Caribbean intellectual capable of transforming literature into a historical force. His life is a reminder that the Caribbean has not only produced resistance, but also major thoughts capable of illuminating the present. José Martí remains an essential reference not only for understanding Cuba, but also the political and cultural depth of the region.
José Martí was a Cuban writer, journalist, poet and politician born in Havana in 1853. He is best known for his central role in the struggle for Cuban independence from Spain. His career combined intellectual commitment and political action, making him a major figure not only in Cuban history, but also in Caribbean and Latin American thought.
José Martí is considered one of the great symbols of the Cuban nation, because he defended the idea of a free, sovereign and politically conscious Cuba. Not only did he support independence through his speeches and writings, he also played an active role in organizing the independence struggle. His name remains associated with dignity, patriotism and coherence between thought and action.
No, and that’s precisely what makes his legacy so strong. José Martí was also a leading author, with a wealth of literary and journalistic work. His texts deal with freedom, identity, education, justice and the future of the region’s peoples. He thus occupies a special place, at the crossroads of literature, journalism and political history.
“Nuestra América” is one of José Martí’s most influential texts. In this essay, he defends the idea that the peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean must build their future from their own historical, social and cultural reality. This text remains highly topical, as it raises essential questions about identity, cultural sovereignty and how to think about development without mechanically reproducing external models.
José Martí continues to interest contemporary readers because his reflections transcend his era. He speaks of freedom, political responsibility, education and collective dignity, subjects that remain at the heart of today’s debates. For readers in the Caribbean, he also represents proof that a thought born in the region can have a universal scope and continue to enlighten the present.
February 24, 1895 remains one of the most decisive dates in Cuba ‘s history. On that day, several uprisings broke out simultaneously across the island, marking the official start of the last war of independence against Spain. The event is often referred to as the Grito de Bairenamed after one of the localities where the insurrection was proclaimed.
But it would be a mistake to reduce this date to a mere military trigger. February 24, 1895 embodies a major political moment for the Caribbean: when a strategic colony decided to take up arms to build its sovereignty. The day was the result of years of preparation, debate and commitment, both in the field and in exile.
A long-standing struggle for independence
To understand the significance of February 24, 1895, we need to remember that Cuba did not begin its struggle against Spain on that day. The island had already fought a long war of independence between 1868 and 1878, followed by a shorter attempt at the end of the 19th century. These conflicts failed to achieve a definitive break with the colonial power, but they did profoundly transform Cuban society.
The years that followed were marked by high political tension, an economic crisis linked to sugar, and growing frustration with Madrid’s promised but rarely implemented reforms. Against this backdrop, the idea of a new war gradually took hold. It would no longer be an isolated revolt, but a coordinated and structured offensive. On February 24, 1895, insurrection broke out in several regions of the island, particularly in the east, where economic inequality was high and anti-colonial sentiment particularly strong. The simultaneous uprising in numerous localities officially marked the start of the Second Cuban War of Independence.
José Martí: the political architect of the uprising
Behind the February 24, 1895 organization stands a central figure: José Martí. Poet, journalist and political strategist, José Martí played a decisive role in preparing for the war. Founder of the Cuban Revolutionary Party in 1892, he worked to unify the pro-independence forces and prepare an insurrection capable of succeeding where previous ones had failed.
From exile, particularly in the United States, José Martí mobilized the Cuban diaspora, raised funds and built a solid political network. He saw the war not only as a historical necessity, but also as a social project. His objective was not simply to drive Spain out: he wanted to build an independent republic, capable of preserving its sovereignty in the face of outside influences.
February 24, 1895 marked the culmination of this long-term effort. The insurrection he had helped organize was unleashed in several regions of the island, in accordance with a strategy that had been months in the making. A few weeks later, José Martí reached Cuban territory to take part directly in the fight. He died on May 19, 1895 during the battle of Dos Ríos, becoming one of the most emblematic figures in Cuban national history.
An organized, structured war
Alongside José Martí, experienced military leaders took the lead. They include Máximo Gómez and Antonio Maceo veterans of previous wars and recognized strategists. Their experience enabled them to structure the independence army and adopt tactics adapted to the terrain. The war first developed in the east of the island, before gradually spreading westwards. The insurgents used mobility and guerrilla warfare to weaken the outnumbered Spanish forces.
Despite difficult beginnings in some regions, the movement quickly became organized. By the end of 1895, the independence forces controlled a significant part of the territory and proclaimed the Republic of Cuba in arms.
A war with regional consequences
The conflict that broke out on February 24, 1895 quickly spread beyond the island. Spanish repression, notably the setting up of concentration camps to isolate insurgents from the civilian population, provoked strong international emotion. The situation drew the attention of the United States, which already had a strong economic presence in the region. In 1898, the explosion of the battleship USS Maine in Havana set off the Spanish-American War. Spain is defeated and loses its last major colonies in the Caribbean.
Cuba officially gained independence in 1902, although its sovereignty remained under American influence for several decades.
Why is this date so important today?
February 24, 1895 is not just about Cuban history. It sheds light on the entire trajectory of the Caribbean. At the end of the 19th century, the region was at a turning point: European empires were gradually declining, while new powers were asserting themselves. For Cuba, this date symbolizes the desire to exist politically and culturally as a nation. It is a reminder that independence is often the result of a long process of attempts, failures and reruns.
For the Caribbean, she reminds us that national struggles have always been linked to regional and international dynamics. Exile networks, the circulation of ideas and solidarity between territories played a decisive role in the struggle for sovereignty. Even today, February 24, 1895 remains a major reference point in Cuba’s collective memory. It embodies the determination of a people to define its future and defend its identity.
February 24, 1895 marked the start of Cuba’s last war of independence against Spain. Several uprisings broke out simultaneously in the east of the island, notably in Baire, giving rise to the so-called Grito de Baire. This insurrection was not improvised: it was the result of years of political organization by Cuban independence fighters, determined to put an end to Spanish colonial domination. The war led to Spain’s defeat in 1898, and paved the way for Cuba’s official independence in 1902.
José Martí was one of the main political architects of the Cuban War of Independence launched in 1895. Founder of the Cuban Revolutionary Party in 1892, he worked to unify the independence forces and organize preparations for the uprising. José Martí was not content with patriotic rhetoric: he developed a precise vision of a sovereign, socially balanced Cuban republic. He joined the fight in 1895 and died a few months later, becoming a founding figure of Cuban national identity.
The war of February 24, 1895 went beyond the strict framework of Cuba, as it was part of a broader movement of anti-colonial struggles in the Caribbean at the end of the 19th century. The war helped weaken the Spanish presence in the region, and altered the geopolitical balance in the Caribbean. It also preceded the Spanish-American War of 1898, which permanently transformed the balance of power in the Caribbean basin. This date provides an insight into how local dynamics in Cuba had regional and international repercussions.
On February 17, 2026, pastor and civil rights activist Jesse Jackson passed away at the age of 84. A major figure in the fight for racial equality in the United States, Jesse Jackson leaves behind more than half a century of political, social and moral commitment. His death has prompted a wave of tributes around the world, hailing him as a servant of justice whose influence extended beyond American borders.
But it would be a mistake to reduce Jesse Jackson to American political history. His career is part of a much broader diasporic dynamic, in which the Caribbean plays a strategic role. Haiti, Cuba and Guadeloupe were all areas of intervention, reflection and solidarity that shed new light on the legacy of this major figure, and enable us to understand the extent of his international influence.
From segregated America to the world stage
Born October 8, 1941, in Greenville, South Carolina, Jesse Jackson grew up in a society marked by racial segregation. Involved in the civil rights movement from an early age, he joined Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1960s and took part in major mobilizations against discrimination. As a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, he distinguished himself through his oratory skills and ability to mobilize. In particular, he developed the Operation Breadbasket initiative, which used economic boycotts to force companies to hire more African-Americans. This strategy made him one of the most visible faces of the civil rights movement’s fight for economic justice.
In 1971, he founded Operation PUSH, an organization dedicated to the economic and political empowerment of black communities. This structure, followed by the Rainbow Coalition, helped broaden the civil rights struggle into a multiracial and social coalition. As a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and again in 1988, he became one of the first African-Americans to reach this level of national electoral competition, paving the way for a new generation of black political leaders.
But his influence was not limited to the United States. Early on, he sees the fight for equality as a global struggle linking Africa, the United States and the Caribbean.
The Caribbean, a central space for black consciousness
In the political thought of Jesse Jackson. The Caribbean is never peripheral. It represents a founding space in modern black history, marked by slavery, colonization and the struggle for independence. This historical reading feeds his vision of transnational solidarity between Afro-descendant peoples. For him, the injustices suffered by black communities in the United States cannot be dissociated from the economic and political realities experienced in the Caribbean.
Thus, his international action is part of a diasporic logic in which African-American, Caribbean and African destinies are closely intertwined. This approach explains the positions he has repeatedly taken on major Caribbean issues.
Haiti: economic justice and human dignity
Among the Caribbean territories that have marked this commitment, Haiti occupies a central place. On several occasions, he visited the country to warn of poverty, hunger and political instability. During a particularly significant visit in 2008, he called for the cancellation of Haiti’s debt and for international mobilization in the face of the food crisis. He also denounced inequalities in the treatment of Haitian migrants and insisted on the responsibility of the major powers in the country’s economic situation.
For Jesse Jackson, Haiti symbolizes the historical injustice suffered by societies born of slavery and colonialism. His plea for Haitian dignity is part of a broader vision of global racial justice.
Cuba: parallel diplomacy and dialogue
The relationship between Jesse Jackson with Cuba is another major chapter in this Caribbean commitment. From the 1980s onwards, he was involved in parallel diplomacy missions between Washington and Havana. In 1984, he played a decisive role in the release of American prisoners in Cuba, demonstrating his ability to intervene in sensitive geopolitical issues. Exchanges with Cuban authorities are part of a desire for dialogue and de-escalation between the two countries.
Critical of the US embargo against the island, he advocates a more humane and pragmatic approach to relations between the United States and the Caribbean. This position reinforces his image as an international political player capable of transcending ideological divides.
Guadeloupe: remembering slavery and passing it on
In 2015, the visit of Jesse Jackson at the Mémorial ACTe in Guadeloupe marks an important symbolic moment. For him, this center dedicated to the memory of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade represents an essential place of transmission and historical recognition. In front of a large audience, he saluted the importance of this institution in the construction of a collective black consciousness and in the dialogue between the peoples of the diaspora. His presence in Guadeloupe underlines the importance of Caribbean memory in the global history of the struggle for human dignity.
This milestone illustrates the commitment to a shared memory linking African-Americans and Caribbeans, beyond national borders.
A diasporic vision ahead of its time
Throughout his career, he developed a global approach to black struggles. He supported anti-apartheid movements in South Africa, intervened in crises in Central America and multiplied international mediation initiatives. In this vision, the Caribbean appears as a strategic space where historical, economic and cultural issues intersect. Migration, diplomatic relations with the United States and questions of memory are recurring themes in this commitment.
By articulating these different dimensions, it helps to reinforce the idea of an international black community sharing common struggles.
What legacy for the Caribbean in 2026?
The disappearance of Jesse Jackson comes at a time when issues of racial justice, economic inequality and historical memory remain at the heart of global debates. For the Caribbean, his career is a reminder of the importance of diasporic solidarity and international cooperation. The issues he has championed, whether debt, migration, economic dignity or the memory of slavery, remain highly topical.
His action also highlights the need for the region to continue asserting its place in global discussions on justice and equality.
An American figure, a Caribbean heritage
Jesse Jackson will be remembered as one of the great voices of social justice in the 20th and early 21st centuries. Pastor, activist, mediator and presidential candidate, he dedicated his life to defending marginalized populations and promoting global solidarity. Beyond America, his career reveals the importance of the Caribbean in the construction of an international black consciousness. His interventions in Haiti, Cuba and Guadeloupe bear witness to a political vision in which the region plays a central role in the struggle for dignity and equality.
In the wake of Jesse Jackson’s death, this diasporic reading of his legacy offers an essential key to understanding his influence. Above all, it reminds us that the Caribbean, far from being peripheral, remains at the heart of the history and future of the struggle for global justice.
He was a Baptist minister and a major figure in the U.S. civil rights movement. A close associate of Martin Luther King Jr. he dedicated his life to social justice, racial equality and the defense of marginalized populations on an international scale.
On several occasions, he has been involved in major Caribbean issues. He has pleaded for debt relief for Haiti, led diplomatic missions to Cuba and visited Guadeloupe, notably the Mémorial ACTe, to support the memory of slavery and diasporic solidarity.
His commitment to issues of economic justice, migration, historical memory and international relations remains relevant to the Caribbean. His career is a reminder of the importance of solidarity between Afro-descendant peoples, and of the region’s central role in global debates on equality and dignity.
“Without Cuba there is no rumba, and without rumba there is no Cuba.” This phrase aptly sums up a reality deeply rooted in the island’s history and daily life. Visit Rumba is not just a musical genre or a static folk dance. À CubaIt is a social language, a space of memory and a collective way of existing. Born in working-class neighborhoods and ports, it has become one of the strongest cultural expressions of Cuban identity.
This article takes an in-depth look at the musical and cultural history of Rumba as it is practiced in Cuba today. It’s an Afro-Cuban heritage in constant motion, shaped by oral transmission, the body and the community, far removed from tourist clichés.
Rumba in Cuba: a definition rooted in reality
In Cuba, the word Rumba designates an indissociable ensemble of music, song, dance and social practices. It is played mainly with percussion instruments, sung according to a call-and-response principle, and danced in a setting where improvisation and interaction are essential. It can’t be understood in isolation, but makes sense in a group, in a courtyard, on a street, in a spontaneous gathering.
Unlike certain exported and standardized forms elsewhere, Cuban rumba remains deeply rooted in the contexts in which it was born. It was not conceived for the stage, but for everyday life, to express the relationship between work, human relations, desire, rivalry and pride.
Origins shaped by Cuban social history
Its birth is inseparable from the history of slavery and Cuban urbanization in the XIXᵉ century. After abolition, Afro-descendant populations gathered in port cities, notably Havana and Matanzas. In the communal courtyards known as solares, music became a means of maintaining African traditions while adapting them to a new social environment.
These spaces are the focus of intense community life. People share their work, their difficulties, but also their celebrations. It’s a collective response to marginalization. It transforms everyday gestures into an artistic language and makes rhythm a tool for cohesion.
The three main styles of Cuban rumba
It’s not a single form. It expresses itself through three major styles that reflect different social functions and aesthetics.
Yambú memory and restraint
Yambú is considered one of the oldest forms of rumba. Its tempo is slow and introspective. It emphasizes bodily narrative, subtle movement and inner expression. The dancers do not strive for performance, but for accuracy of gesture and an intimate relationship with the music. Yambú is often associated with the elders. It evokes respect, continuity and transmission. Each movement seems charged with a personal or collective history. In this style, dance becomes almost a silent narrative, where the body speaks without excess.
Guaguancó the social scene and dialogue
Guaguancó is the most popular and widespread form. It features a dialogue between a man and a woman built around a game of seduction and challenge. The famous vacunao gesture symbolizes an attempt at conquest immediately followed by a response from the partner who dodges, deflects or anticipates. Beyond its playful aspect, guaguancó reflects social dynamics and power relationships. It leaves plenty of room for improvisation, humor and the personalities of the dancers. Each interpretation is different, depending on the context, the group’s energy and the audience’s gaze.
Columbia, virtuosity and individual affirmation
Columbia is the fastest and most technically demanding. Traditionally danced solo, it showcases the dancer’s agility, endurance and creativity. The movements are complex, the changes in direction rapid and the dialogue with the drum soloist constant. Columbia is often seen as a demonstration of mastery and character. It demands a keen ear for rhythm and great bodily freedom. Although it has long been associated with masculine expression, today it is embraced by female dancers who reinterpret its codes with strength and legitimacy.
Instruments and rhythm as a collective language
Cuban rumba is based on a precise yet profoundly organic rhythmic architecture. It is felt before it is analyzed.
At the heart of this structure is the clave, the fundamental rhythmic motif that organizes the music as a whole.
The clave is not always explicitly played, but it guides every entrance, every silence, every restart.
A percussion ensemble, mainly congas, is built around this framework.
Usually a trio of drums is used, including a high-pitched drum to improvise and interact directly with the dancer.
This dialogue is essential. It creates a permanent tension between music and movement, as if each were provoking the other.
The voice also plays a central role. A solo singer launches often improvised phrases to which a chorus responds.
Rumba in contemporary Havana
Even today, it is part of Havana’s sound and social landscape. It is not confined to official stages. It pops up in neighborhoods during spontaneous gatherings, in courtyards or on certain streets that have become emblematic.
The Callejón de Hamel is one of the best-known places to observe this living tradition. Every week, musicians, dancers and locals gather there in an atmosphere that blends artistic fervor and neighborhood life. But beyond this venue, rumba continues to express itself in many less visible spaces, where it remains first and foremost a community affair.
Festivals and contemporary transmission
The vitality of Cuban rumba is also evident in dedicated events. The Timbalaye International Rumba Festival is a major example. Organized every year, it brings together groups from different regions of Cuba and other countries linked to Afro-Caribbean history. These festivals are not limited to concerts. They offer workshops, intergenerational encounters and opportunities to reflect on the transmission of knowledge. It is approached as a living heritage that continues to transform itself without losing its popular roots.
Key figures and global influence
Cuban rumba has had a profound influence on world music. It has nourished Afro-Cuban music, salsa, Latin jazz and numerous hybrid forms. Artists such as Mongo Santamaría played a key role in this diffusion, bringing rumba rhythms into dialogue with North American jazz. These trajectories reveal a clear mechanism. Local practices from working-class neighborhoods become universal musical languages. They circulate with artists, with migrations and with diasporas, creating lasting cultural bridges between Cuba and the rest of the world.
A tradition on the move
La Rumba remains one of Cuba’s most powerful cultural expressions. Cuba. It links the past to the present, transforms memory into movement, and continues to evolve with the passing of generations. In courtyards, on the streets of Havana or at major festivals, it remains a space of freedom, affirmation and sharing. To understand rumba is to approach Cuba through the body, through sound and through human relationships. It’s about understanding how a culture born of constraint has risen to the rank of universal symbol without ever losing its popular roots.
It’s a complete cultural expression combining percussion, singing, dance and social interaction. Born in working-class neighborhoods in the XIXᵉ century, it is based on Afro-Cuban traditions and transmitted mainly through collective practice and orality.
It comes in three major styles. Yambú favors slowness and gestural narration. Guaguancó features a seductive dialogue between partners. Columbia is distinguished by its speed and virtuosity, often danced solo.
It is still practiced in many neighborhoods of Havana and other Cuban cities during community gatherings. Emblematic sites such as neighborhood courtyards and historic streets allow us to observe this tradition in its living social context, as well as during dedicated festivals.
Cayo Santa María is located to the north of Cuba, in the Jardines del Rey archipelago. A small island renowned for its luminous beaches and peaceful atmosphere, it attracts visitors in search of calm seas, fine sand and a holiday designed for relaxation. Connected to the mainland by a long dike road, it offers a unique experience: that of a modern island territory, yet still very close to nature.
An island linked to the mainland by a spectacular road
Access to Cayo Santa María is via the Pedraplénan almost 48 km linking the town of Caibarién to all the cayos in the region.
The crossing passes over lagoons, shallow waters and mangrove swamps.
From this point on, the journey becomes a parenthesis: wide horizons, sea breezes and the impression of moving towards an unspoilt island world.
The island is part of the province of Villa Clara alongside Cayo Las Brujas and Cayo Ensenachos.
This area has been developed to accommodate structured seaside tourism, while maintaining a clear separation between natural areas and hotel zones.
Beaches and calm seas, at the heart of the experience
The north coast of Cayo Santa María is home to some of the archipelago’s most sought-after beaches. The sand is particularly clear, the water fresh and regular, and the seabed remains shallow for several dozen meters.
Areas such as Playa Perla Blanca, Playa Las Gaviotas or the main beach of Santa María are often cited as some of the most pleasant on the island.
Conditions are ideal for leisurely swims, long walks along the water’s edge and relaxing moments with family or couple.
The wilder southern coastline features mangroves, salt marshes and protected wetlands.
This balance between developed beaches and discreet nature contributes greatly to the island’s charm.
A destination designed for travelers' comfort
Since 2000, Cayo Santa María has developed into one of the leading seaside resorts in northern Cuba. There are many all-inclusive hotels here, each offering services tailored to families, couples or groups, with direct access to the beach, swimming pools, varied catering and entertainment.
However, the atmosphere remains measured: the island has no cities, only hotel zones. Staff come daily from the nearby towns of Caibarién, Remedios and Camajuaní.
Between nature and tranquillity
Even if it is landscaped, Cayo Santa María retains a strong natural presence. Mangroves are home to seabirds, dunes protect the coastline, and some areas are included in regional environmental programs.
The landscape is a reminder that the sea and coastal ecosystems are the true masters of the place, and that developments have been designed to respect the island’s fragile morphology.
Access and useful information for travellers
The main point of entry is the Abel Santamaría International Airport of Santa Clara (SNU). Transfers from the airport to the island take about 90 minutes to 2 hours depending on traffic conditions and stops.
For international travellers, Cuba requests :
- – a valid passport ;
- – a tourist card (visa) ;
- – recognized medical insurance.
These formalities are easy to obtain via an agency, the airline or consular services.
An island to rest and breathe
Cayo Santa María is perfect for visitors looking for a gentle atmosphere, safe beaches and the possibility of staying for several days without pressure or schedules. The calm sea, the light of the Cuban coastline and the simplicity of the setting make it an ideal destination for family trips, beach breaks or slow-paced vacations.
FAQ
Cayo Santa María is located in northern Cuba, in the Jardines del Rey archipelago, and is part of the Villa Clara province.
The island can be reached via Santa Clara airport, then the Pedrapléna 48 km road-dike linking the mainland to the archipelago.
No. Cayo Santa María has no permanent population: only hotels and tourist services are located here.
For almost thirty years, cooperation between Le Lamentin and Santiago de Cuba has embodied a lasting commitment between two territories that share much more than a simple partnership. This structuring link, forged through concrete projects in the fields of culture, health, education and sustainable development, has established itself as a genuine lever for Caribbean proximity.
As the Festival del Caribe 2025 approaches, the two cities reaffirm their shared ambition to celebrate three decades of collaboration in 2026.
Two key events to mobilize the region's driving forces
On May 21 and 23, two meetings punctuated the official visit of the representatives of Santiago de Cuba to Martinique. The first meeting, organized by the Lamentin town hall, brought together David Zobda, Odexa Fuentes Medina and Enaï Diamela Palacios Acosta, the territory’s main cultural and tourist organizations: Tropiques Atrium, Direction des Affaires Culturelles, Comité Martiniquais du Tourisme, community tourist offices, travel agencies, SAMAC airline, Préfecture, Université des Antilles, CCIM, comités d’œuvres sociales, clubs services and the Martinique-Cuba association. Member of Parliament Jean-Philippe Nilor was also present. The aim of the event was to present the Festival del Caribe 2025 and to launch a stronger institutional dialogue between the two territories.
On May 23, a second meeting was held, this time with the cultural associations of Lamentin. This more operational exchange helped to identify ways of contributing to the festival, and to validate the interest of numerous local structures. Participants included Jeunesse en Fleurs – Ballet Kadan’s Kréol, Afrique Caraïbe Fraternité, GOPIO Martinique, AMESU and Gommier & Tradition. All expressed their willingness to play an active part in the event, through artistic, educational, heritage or gastronomic activities.
Georges-Louis Lebon, third deputy mayor of Le Lamentin in charge of cultural affairs and president of the Office de la culture, introduced the meeting by recalling the foundations of the municipal commitment: “Sport, culture and associations are at the heart of the Ville du Lamentin’s project”. He also emphasized the structuring role of the media library, the Office de la culture, and the rich fabric of over 60 cultural associations, nearly 40 of which are particularly active.
Concrete, ambitious cooperation
The partnership between Le Lamentin and Santiago de Cuba goes far beyond the symbolic framework of a traditional twinning. Initiated around common issues such as water management, this cooperation has rapidly evolved to encompass essential fields such as health, sport, the environment, major risk management, and now economic development and scientific research.
David Zobda, Mayor of Le Lamentin, underlines this dynamic: “This is not just a one-off cultural exchange. We work together on concrete projects, with precise objectives, responding to the real needs of our respective populations.”
He adds: “We want this cooperation to be an economic lever too. We need to ask the real questions: how can we develop freight, make banking flows more fluid, harmonize our standards?”
Diamela Palacios Acosta, Secretary of the Municipal Assembly of Santiago de Cuba, completes this vision by recalling the solidity of the link between the two cities: “Between Le Lamentin and Santiago, there is more than solidarity; there is a true fraternity. Despite the difficulties caused by the American embargo, our cooperation has remained constant and effective for almost 30 years.”
Odexa Fuentes Medina, for her part, underlined Santiago de Cuba’s determination to promote a diversity of artistic and cultural expression within the festival: “We are the fruit of a mixture of cultures: African, Spanish, French, Arab, Asian… The Festival del Caribe is the space where this diversity is fully expressed.” between the two cities: “Martinique and Santiago de Cuba have maintained a constant fraternity, even in the most difficult times. This relationship goes far beyond cultural exchanges.
Festival del Caribe 2025: a not-to-be-missed event
The Festival del Caribe, or Fiesta del Fuego, is one of the most emblematic events in the Caribbean cultural calendar. Held annually in Santiago de Cuba, this week-long event welcomes artistic delegations, researchers, cultural players and citizens from all over the Caribbean basin. The 2025 edition (July 3 to 9) will feature Curaçao, in an atmosphere marked by street music, traditional dances, popular arts and collective rituals such as the famous “Serpiente”.
The festival offers an inclusive vision of Caribbean culture, at the crossroads of African, European, Asian and Amerindian heritage. Diamela Palacios insists on this openness: “The festival reflects the richness of our diversity. Even though it is rooted in the Caribbean, it is open to the world.
In addition to the artistic program, in 2025 Santiago de Cuba will also celebrate the 510th anniversary of its foundation, as well as key moments in its political and social history, such as the 72nd anniversary of the storming of the Moncada Quarter. These elements give the event a depth that goes beyond the purely cultural.
In 2026: 30 years of cooperation between Lamentin and Santiago
The year 2026 will mark a symbolic milestone in the history of the two cities. Santiago de Cuba has already proposed that this year’s Festival be marked by thirty years of cooperation. It’s a powerful invitation, and one that calls for a broad mobilization of Martinique’s associative, educational and economic fabric.
The idea? To build a multi-faceted delegation, representative of the region’s diversity and ambitions.
The mayor of Lamentin calls for anticipation of this deadline: “We need to get organized now so that 2026 is not just a memory, but a real showcase of our ability to act collectively in the Caribbean.”
This dynamic is based on a shared desire to build a more integrated Caribbean space, where culture, education and the economy interact. The Lamentin town council has announced that it will be providing support to help associations structure their projects, identify funding and ensure their logistics.
Building a Caribbean that acts and shines
Through this active, multi-faceted cooperation, Le Lamentin and Santiago de Cuba are showing that another model of exchange is possible in the Caribbean: one based on trust, consistency and a shared vision. While 2025 will mark an important milestone with the expected presence of numerous delegations from Martinique at the Festival del Caribe, 2026 is already shaping up to be a high point.
Are you an association or a cultural, economic or educational player? Now’s the time to get involved.
The MAGHIC 2 project, launched in March in Pointe-à-Pitre with the support of the INTERREG Caribbean program, marks a decisive step in the development of a low-carbon maritime sector adapted to the realities of the Caribbean.
At a time when climate issues are calling for far-reaching changes, the Caribbean is asserting its determination to become a pilot region for sustainable maritime transport. It is against this backdrop that FARWIND Energy, a start-up committed to decarbonizing maritime transport, is coordinating the MAGHIC 2 project, with the aim of structuring a genuine industrial and scientific sector around vele propulsion and hydrogen in the region.
Financed with €2.2 million in ERDF funds via INTERREG Caribbean, MAGHIC 2 embodies an alliance between technological innovation, academic research and regional ambition.
Innovative marine propulsion tested under real-life conditions
At the heart of the MAGHIC 2 project, the rotor sail developed by FARWIND Energy promises a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, up to 40% less fuel for ships. This technology, proven in severe maritime environments, opens up concrete prospects for more responsible shipping, in line with European climate objectives and those of the IMO.
But MAGHIC 2 goes further: the project also explores innovative hydrogen storage solutions, both on land and at sea, capable of holding between 10 and 100 tonnes, with reduced land impact. A response to the logistical and energy challenges specific to island geography.
A Caribbean research and industry network to support the transition
One of the project’s strengths lies in its ability to create a regional dynamic around skills and knowledge. FARWIND Energy brings together a network of leading academic institutions:
Caribbean Maritime University (Jamaica)
University of Trinidad and Tobago
Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas (Cuba)
Universidad Autonoma de Campeche (Mexico)
These establishments will focus their work on the service life of materials and the adaptation of solutions to the specific climatic and maritime conditions of the Caribbean.
On the industrial side, SARA (Société Anonyme de la Raffinerie des Antilles) is joining the project to promote technology transfer and strengthen local skills. The ambition is clear: to structure a sustainable regional ecosystem around low-carbon marine propulsion and the hydrogen industry.
A strategic vision for Caribbean energy sovereignty
By consolidating a base of regional skills and leveraging appropriate technologies, MAGHIC 2 sets the Caribbean on the path to an ambitious and coherent maritime energy transition. The project is helping to build energy sovereignty to enhance the competitiveness and resilience of Caribbean territories.
“This project illustrates an integrated approach combining innovation, industrialization and scientific cooperation, and represents a major step forward for more sustainable shipping,” says Arnaud Poitou, President of FARWIND Energy.
Launched in Guadeloupe, MAGHIC 2 is helping a smarter, bolder Caribbean emerge, capable of inventing its own answers to global energy challenges while making the most of its natural resources, know-how and strategic position.
In a significant boost for Caribbean cinemaThe 18th edition of the prestigious film laboratory, Nuevas Miradas, ended with eight Caribbean film projects receiving awards and support, thanks to the UNESCO-EU Transcultura program. This initiative, funded by the European Union, has played a key role in bringing Cuba, the Caribbean and the European Union closer together through culture and creativity.
The transcultura program: a catalyst for Caribbean cinema
The Transcultura program is a key element in the development of Caribbean cinemaoffering emerging filmmakers the opportunity to participate in major laboratories and events. This program is essential not only for developing local cinema, but also for connecting Caribbean countries, as they share similar histories and contexts.
Nuevas Miradas: a platform for young filmmakers
Organized by the Production Chair of the International Film and Television School in San Antonio de los Baños, Nuevas Miradas is one of the oldest and most prestigious laboratories in Latin America and the Caribbean. The event takes advantage of the presence of film industry representatives at the Havana International Film Festival to connect them with emerging filmmakers from the region, thus supporting the diversity of voices and stories in the
Caribbean cinema.
Award-winning projects: an overview of Caribbean storytelling
1. Escúchame – a documentary by Kevin Argudin (Cuba)
Escúchamedirected by Cuban filmmaker Kevin Argudin, is a documentary that explores the lives of individuals in Cuba, highlighting their struggles, hopes and daily realities. The project received direct access to the DocMx festival and support from Zafiro Cinema, recognizing its artistic quality and potential on the international scene, and contributing to the development of the Cuban film industry. Caribbean cinema.
2. El amor en tiempo de Bacanerías (Love in the Time of Bacanerías) – By Iván de Lara and Cristian Mujica (Dominican Republic)
Directed by Iván de Lara and produced by Cristian Mujica, El amor en tiempo de Bacanerías is a film that explores the complexities of love and relationships in the context of traditional Dominican festivals. The project received an invitation to the Cali Film Festival’s Producers and Film Projects Fair in Colombia, and an audience design consultation from the World Cinema Fund, reinforcing the project’s potential in the Dominican Republic. Caribbean cinema.
3. Non, je n’ai pas trouvé l’Eldorado – By Séphora Monteau and Wendy Desert (Haiti)
This Haitian film, directed by Séphora Monteau and produced by Wendy Desert, entitled No, I haven’t found El Doradois a poignant exploration of the quest for a better life and the disappointments that often follow. The project received coaching from Fonds Suisse Sud Est and advice on production and financing strategies from French documentary filmmaker Tancrède Ramonet, supporting the development of the Caribbean cinema.
4. La Isla de los Cangrejos (Island of the Crabs) – By Juan Carlos Guzmán and María José Martínez (Dominican Republic)
La Isla de los Cangrejosdirected by Juan Carlos Guzmán and produced by María José Martínez, is a fiction film that tells the story of a small island community struggling against environmental change and the impact of tourism. The project received script development support and was recognized for its unique storytelling, enriching the Caribbean cinema.
5. El Último Baile (The Last Dance) – By Carlos Pérez and Ana García (Cuba)
Directed by Carlos Pérez and produced by Ana García, El Último Baile is a documentary that captures the final days of a traditional dance troupe in Cuba. The project received funding for post-production and has been praised for its emotional depth and cultural significance, contributing to the richness of the Caribbean cinema.
6. La Lluvia de los Dioses (Rain of the Gods) – By David Fernández and Yamilé Alfonso (Guyana)
La Lluvia de los Diosesdirected by David Fernández and produced by Yamilé Alfonso, is a fiction film that combines mythology and reality in a Guyanese village. The project received a location scouting and pre-production grant, highlighting its innovative storytelling and enriching the Caribbean cinema.
7. El Silencio de las Olas (The Silence of the Waves) – By Rafael Ramírez and Lucía Hernández (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Directed by Rafael Ramírez and produced by Lucía Hernández, El Silencio de las Olas is a documentary that explores the lives of fishermen in St. Kitts and Nevis, focusing on the challenges they face and their connection to the sea. The project received sound design support and was recognized for its cinematic beauty, contributing to the diversity of the Caribbean cinema.
8. La Casa de los Abuelos (The House of the Grandparents) – By José Luis Morales and Elena Rodríguez (Dominican Republic)
La Casa de los Abuelosdirected by José Luis Morales and produced by Elena Rodríguez, is a fiction film that tells the story of a family reunion in a traditional Dominican home. The project received funding for editing and was praised for its family-centric storytelling, enriching the Caribbean cinema.
Professionalizing young filmmakers
The Nuevas Miradas event not only contributes to the advancement of projects, but also serves as a platform to boost the cinematic careers of participants, in line with the objectives of the Transcultura program, which aims to support the diversity of voices and stories in Caribbean cinema.
Impact on the Caribbean film industry
Spaces like Nuevas Miradas are essential for presenting and internationalizing projects in their early stages of development. According to Yamila Marrero, General Coordinator of Nuevas Miradas, “A program like Transcultura, which enables emerging filmmakers to take part in major laboratories and events like Nuevas Miradas, is essential for developing our industry. Caribbean cinemabut also to connect with other Caribbean countries, as we share similar histories and contexts”.
Wendy Desert, Haitian director and producer, emphasized that “the event not only contributes to the advancement of projects, but also serves as a platform to boost the cinematographic careers of participants, in line with the objectives of the Transcultura program”.
The UNESCO-EU Transcultura programme has once again demonstrated its commitment to fostering the growth and international recognition of Caribbean cinema. En soutenant ces huit projets de film, le programme garantit que les histoires et les perspectives uniques de la région des Caraïbes soient entendues sur la scène mondiale. Alors que l’industrie cinématographique caribéenne continue d’évoluer, des initiatives comme Nuevas Miradas et le programme Transcultura restent cruciales pour nourrir les talents et promouvoir la diversité culturelle du Caribbean cinema.
Salsa is more than just a musical genre; it’s a cultural phenomenon that has captivated millions around the world. The origin of this genre, its development in Cuba, and its influence on global musical culture are fascinating topics that deserve exploration. In this article, we will delve into its roots , its evolution within the Cuban context, and its enduring impact on the international music scene.
Origin of Salsa
It finds its origins in a rich and varied mix of Afro-Cuban musical styles. The roots lie in African rhythms, Spanish music, and indigenous influences. In the 1920s, genres such as Cuban son, mambo, and rumba began to emerge, forming the foundation upon which it would be built.
The term “salsa,” which means “sauce” in Spanish, was used to describe the fusion of these various musical styles. In the 1960s, it began to take shape as a distinct genre, especially in New York, where many Cubans and other Latin Americans settled to escape political and economic turmoil in their home countries.
The Salsa in Cuba
The Cuban Roots
Cuba has played a pivotal role in the development of salsa. Cuban musical styles such as son, mambo, and rumba were the precursors to this dynamic genre. Son, which combines Spanish and African music elements, was particularly important in shaping the rhythms. Artists like Arsenio Rodríguez in the 1940s and 1950s introduced innovations in son that influenced that music.
Mambo, popularized by musicians such as Pérez Prado, also contributed to the formation of it sounds. The dance associated with mambo strongly influenced the movements that characterize salsa today. Rumba, with its syncopated rhythms and expressive body movements, further enriched the musical vocabulary of it.
The Evolution of Salsa in Cuba
In the 1970s, it began to evolve as a distinct genre in Cuba. The development of the music group “Los Van Van” by Juan Formell marked a decisive step in the history. They integrated elements of jazz and other genres, creating a unique sound that captivated audiences. Other artists like Celia Cruz, Johnny Pacheco, and Oscar D’León also played key roles in popularizing this music.
As it gained popularity, festivals were organized in Cuba, attracting dancers and musicians worldwide. Salsa dancing became integral to Cuban nightlife, with clubs and bars dedicated to this energetic dance. It thus became a symbol of Cuban culture, reflecting its history, diversity, and vibrant spirit.
Cultural Impact of Salsa
Global Influence
This genre has transcended Cuban borders to become a global phenomenon. In the 1980s and 1990s, Latin American artists began releasing salsa albums that achieved international success. Cities like New York, Miami, and San Francisco became hubs for it, where festivals and dance competitions are regularly held.
The cultural impact is felt in many areas. Salsa dance, with its varied styles such as Cuban salsa, Puerto Rican salsa, and Colombian it has influenced dance worldwide. Dance schools teaching it have become popular in diverse countries such as Japan, Germany, and Brazil.
Salsa as Cultural Expression
Beyond its musical and dance popularity, it serves as a means of cultural expression. It tells stories of life, love, struggle, and triumph. The lyrics often address social and political themes, reflecting the realities of life in the artists’ home countries. This has allowed it to serve as a platform for addressing important issues such as identity, migration, and social justice.
Salsa and Cultural Renewal in Cuba
Today, salsa continues to evolve in Cuba. New artists emerge, bringing modern influences while staying true to traditions. The Cuban government has also recognized the importance of it in national culture, supporting events and festivals to promote this genre.
It has become a celebration of Cuban identity, uniting generations and communities. It embodies the spirit of resistance and resilience, reflecting a rich past while looking toward the future.
Salsa is a musical genre that finds its roots in the cultural diversity of Cuba. Its evolution, marked by iconic artists and diverse influences, makes it a symbol of artistic expression and social life. Today, it continues to influence global musical culture, evolving while remaining anchored in its traditions. It is more than just music; it’s a movement, a dance, and a celebration of life that unites millions around the world. Whether on a dance floor in Havana or in a club in New York, it remains a vibrant and living force, testifying to the richness of Cuban cultural heritage.
Our existence relies on the fundamental pillar of nutrition. It is much more than a biological necessity; it plays a crucial role in our physical health and overall well-being. Eating is not limited to the mere consumption of food; it reflects our culture, socio-economic background, and environment.
Today, Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet have become essential topics because our dietary choices can significantly influence our health. With public health concerns on the rise, understanding and adopting responsible eating habits has become crucial for living healthily.
Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet: Are They Achievable?
A Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet should ideally be a part of daily life in the Caribbean. However, many individuals face challenges that hinder their ability to eat healthily.
Reasons for Unhealthy Eating Habits
- Economic Constraints: Many families in the Caribbean encounter economic challenges, making it difficult to prioritize healthy foods. Processed and convenient foods, often cheaper and more accessible, have become the norm.
- Availability of Fresh Produce: In some areas, particularly those reliant on imports, fresh fruits and vegetables may not be easily available. This lack of accessibility can lead to a dependence on canned or packaged foods, which are less nutritious.
- Cultural Influences: While traditional Caribbean cuisine is rich in nutrients, globalization has introduced fast food and processed options that are frequently preferred for their convenience and taste. This shift can overshadow healthier food options from local gastronomy.
- Lack of Nutrition Education: There is often a lack of awareness regarding what constitutes a Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet. Educational initiatives focused on nutrition can help individuals make healthier choices and understand the importance of local ingredients.
What is Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet?
A Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups at every meal, including proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It is essential to understand that carbohydrates are not just the added sugars found in beverages but also come from sources like grains, fruits, and certain vegetables. A Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet incorporates these elements at each meal, ensuring a diverse intake of nutrients that reflect the vibrant culinary traditions of the Caribbean.
The Link Between Food self-sufficiency in the Caribbean and Healthy Eating
Food self-sufficiency is a crucial concept for the Caribbean region, where economic and environmental challenges directly influence the health of populations. The interconnection between food sovereignty and healthy eating deserves close examination, as it highlights the importance of consuming local foods and promoting sustainable food systems.
What is Food self-sufficiency ?
Food self-sufficiency refers to the ability of a community or country to produce enough food to meet its dietary needs. This involves not only agricultural production but also access to healthy, nutritious, and culturally appropriate foods. In the Caribbean islands, where food imports are common, strengthening food sovereignty can reduce dependence on imported food items and improve the nutritional quality of local diets.
Impact on Health
Increased food sovereignty allows communities to consume more fresh, seasonal, and locally grown foods, which are essential for healthy eating. Local products, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish, are often more nutritious than processed imported foods. By incorporating these foods into their daily diets, Caribbean residents can benefit from improved physical and mental health.
Cost Reduction and Sustainability
Consuming local foods can also help reduce food costs. Imported products are often more expensive due to transportation and storage costs, while locally grown foods are generally more affordable. By promoting food sovereignty, communities can develop sustainable food systems that support the local economy while ensuring access to healthy foods.
Valuing Traditional Agricultural Practices
Food sovereignty also encourages the appreciation of traditional agricultural practices, which are often adapted to the region’s environmental conditions. These practices may include growing local varieties of fruits and vegetables that are not only nutritious but also resistant to diseases and climate conditions. Reconnecting with these traditional methods strengthens not only food security but also local culture and identity.
The 50-25-25 Rule: A Strategy for Healthy Eating?
The well-known 50-25-25 rule suggests that a plate should consist of 50% vegetables, 25% proteins, and 25% carbohydrates. This rule serves as a general guideline for improving one’s plate and moving towards a Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet. The 50% of vegetables should include a variety of types, many of which are locally grown and reflect the rich agricultural heritage of the Caribbean.
For proteins, choices can range from fresh fish and plant-based options to meats sourced from sustainable practices. Carbohydrates should be rich sources, such as grains and fruits that are abundant in the region.
While this rule is beneficial, it is important to note that nutrition is highly individual. People with specific health conditions may need to tailor their diets accordingly, exploring local flavors and ingredients that resonate with their heritage.
The Role of Fats in a Healthy Diet
Some might wonder if the absence of fats in the 50-25-25 rule implies that fats should be eliminated from a Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet. This is not the case; fats are essential. Most foods naturally contain some fats. For instance, olives, avocados, and coconut are staples in Caribbean cuisine, providing healthy fats that enhance both flavor and nutrition. The focus should be on how foods are prepared and the quality of fats used in cooking, celebrating the culinary techniques that have been passed down through generations.
Benefits of Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet
A Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet form the foundation of well-being. Modern medicine emphasizes prevention over treatment. A healthy diet can help avoid certain conditions like diabetes and hypertension, which are prevalent in many communities. Moreover, good nutrition positively impacts mental health. People who eat well tend to concentrate better, feel more energized, sleep better, and integrate more smoothly into society. Embracing local cuisine not only promotes health but also fosters a sense of pride in cultural identity.
Correcting the Signs of Poor Nutrition
Is it easy to correct the signs of poor eating habits? While it may not be straightforward, visible changes can occur with dietary adjustments. For instance, many individuals may experience improvements in skin conditions simply by altering their diets. Simple changes, whether drastic or gradual, can lead to significant improvements in health, especially when incorporating local fruits and vegetables that are rich in nutrients.
Choosing the Right Foods for Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet
When selecting foods, there are two scenarios. One involves seeking professional guidance to assess and create a personalized nutrition plan based on individual needs. The other involves individuals making choices for themselves. In either case, incorporating a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables into every meal is key to achieving a Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet. It isn’t necessary to completely eliminate certain foods, but reducing industrial sugars is crucial for health while emphasizing the use of local ingredients.
The Impact of Restrictive Diets on Healthy Eating
In today’s world, many people embark on restrictive diets. Are these practices truly healthy in the long term? It’s important to clarify that the focus should be on eliminating industrial sugar and processed foods rather than following extreme diets. Each person’s needs are unique, and what works for one individual may not work for another.
The Importance of Hydration in Healthy Eating
Hydration is vital for a Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet. The body cannot function properly without adequate water intake. The minimum recommendation is about 2.5 liters of water per day, but this may vary based on activity levels. Proper hydration supports a Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet, as the body needs sufficient water to function effectively, particularly in tropical climates where hydration is essential.
Access to Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet
For those who believe that healthy eating is expensive, this misconception can often stem from seeking out exotic or imported foods. It is possible to maintain a Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet using locally available products. Embracing local produce can make healthy eating more accessible and affordable, allowing individuals to connect with their cultural roots while promoting sustainability.
In conclusion, it is essential to prioritize health rather than just focusing on weight. The journey towards better health starts with personal choices. It’s important not to wait until health issues arise before making dietary changes. With a commitment to a Healthy Eating and Balanced Diet, many health problems can be prevented.
